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    • 专利摘要:
    Described herein is an autonomous fluid spill containment device for a pipeline having a carrier conduit for transporting a fluid and a containment conduit located around the carrier conduit to define an interstitial space for receiving fluid spilled from the carrier conduit. The device includes a spilled fluid barrier for stopping spilled fluid flow, which is located in the interstitial space and extends between the carrier conduit and the containment conduit. An acoustic sensor is located in the interstitial space for detecting spilled fluid flowing in the containment conduit, or in the carrier conduit for detecting fluid flow reduction.
    公开号:ES2557654A2
    申请号:ES201590113
    申请日:2014-04-30
    公开日:2016-01-27
    发明作者:Harold Russell Baird；Jeffrey Scott Adler
    申请人:Harold Russell Baird；Jeffrey Scott Adler；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Device for real-time content, location and notification of fluid spills with acoustic-based sensor.
    Technical field
    This refers to the transportation of fluids with the use of pipes, and more particularly to a device and system for real-time content, location and notification for use with pipes.
    Background
    Transportation in energy source pipes has never been so important for the energy infrastructure and consumption of developing nations. Our economies and manufacturing base depend largely on the safe and timely provision of energy that can be transported through the pipes in different ways. This search for energy sources has made the need for pipelines an inherent component in our society due to their ability to economically transport large volumes of liquids and gases. From crude oil to liquefied natural gas, to sand tar oil: the reliable delivery of these valuable raw materials for processing or immediate use has never been so important to bring energy to our homes, businesses, towns, cities and nations. The transport of energy sources often occurs over long distances through rugged terrain, difficult environments, important agricultural lands, valuable ecosystems, extreme weather conditions, hydrologically sensitive areas and potentially unstable regions.
    However, an inherent problem with energy source pipelines is the catastrophic impact that a spill or leak can have on our environments, ecosystems, humans and wildlife. The risk to valuable water reserves that includes but is not limited to: wetlands, streams, rivers and landfills that in some circumstances are the main source of natural drinking water for large sectors of population bases, is immeasurable. In addition, as a result of the range of damage that may be caused due to potentially toxic materials transported, the damage may persist for years.
    In 2007, it speaks 259,105 kilometers (161,000 miles) of land pipeline that transported hazardous materials (mainly petroleum products) in the United States. Between 2007 and 2011, significant spill incidents averaged 117 per year and released an average of 80,000 barrels of hazardous products per year into the environment for a total spill of approximately 400,000 barrels. Other countries and nations around the world have experienced similar spillover events per kilometer of pipe. Now there is a great need for a pipe system that will not only reduce the severity and occurrences of such releases, but at the same time and autonomously actively monitor a pipeline to allow the owner / operator to know in real time precisely in where and when there is a problem, exactly what the problem is in any specific location along the entire pipeline, and the appropriate response necessary to affect that problem. What is needed is a notification system of contention, autonomous, self-supervision and active.
    Safe pipes are the key to advancing in our energy dependent world. Most existing petrochemical pipes in use are manufactured as single wall pipes, they can be buried or above ground and can have an insulating material. While a single wall pipe has lower construction and repair costs than a double wall type, single wall pipe failures can release toxic materials
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    transported in the surroundings with devastating results. Significant releases may occur prior to detection, resulting in catastrophic damage to the environment, humans and wildlife, as well as loss of goodwill, costly cleaning operations and litigation against the owner / operator of the pipeline.
    A number of piping leak detection systems have been designed to address the aforementioned problems, some of which are described below.
    US Patent 6032699 by Graeber et al uses a double wall system with a gas or liquid under pressure in the contention pipe. The leaks are detected by pressure sensors in the sealed pipe segments and a local visual or auditory alarm is established. The intention of the design is the fuel distribution of gas stations. This design is not suitable for long pipes due to the limited type of sensors and the inability to communicate over long distances.
    US Patent 5433191 by McAtamney uses a dual wall system zoned by annular rings and detects the presence of liquids including hydrocarbons through the use of capacitive sensors. Each sensor is connected to a common panel for local visual and auditory alarm indications. The intention of the design is a storage tank next to an industrial plant. This design is not suitable for long pipes due to the limited type of sensors and the inability to communicate over long distances.
    US Patent 6970808 by Abhulimen et al uses general pipe parameters such as flow and pressure at monitoring stations along the line as inputs to the central simulation and analysis algorithms to deduce when a spill has occurred. Since direct measurement is not used in a spill situation, the method is subject to false alarms such as an operator changing the position of a valve and having insufficient precision to detect small but significant leaks. In addition, the method has no provision for spill containment.
    US Patent 7500489 by Folkers uses a double-walled pipe with brine in the container pipe at a higher pressure than the transport pipe. The brine chambers are connected through pipes to a gas-brine tank and leaks are detected by a float in the tank. To minimize brine requirements, the interstitial space is small, but this makes the example subject to false alarms of expansion and contraction of the transport pipe due to the pressure of the gas or liquid transported in the transport pipe or temperature changes The use of brine also restricts the use of transport pipe materials to non-corrosive such as fiberglass. The use of an anticorrosive liquid such as glycol is a risk of releasing toxic material into the environment. The small interstitial space also offers little protection for the transport pipe against accidental damage from the excavation equipment.
    US Patent 7441441 by Folkers uses a double-walled pipe with hydraulic fluid in the container pipe at a higher pressure than the transport pipe. A break in the transport pipeline causes a pressure drop of the hydraulic fluid that is detected. The pipe is segmented by the valve stations that close the flow of the pipe when the pressure drop is detected. This method cannot distinguish between leaks from the transport pipe and the container pipe and has great potential for the hydraulic fluid to leak into the environment. The system has no provision to report a leak, and its isolation capacity is limited to the distance between the valve stations.
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    US Patent 6489894 by Berg uses a vacuum between the inner and outer pipes and a vacuum switch manifold between more than one container section to determine when a leak has occurred. The patent refers to the prior art that did not use a collector and therefore was more expensive. The intention of the design, despite the title, is for use in storage tanks, not in long pipes. The scaling of Berg's approach (or any of its referenced techniques approaches) to typical pipes is cumbersome at best, and Berg's approach provides little leak insulation information.
    US Patent 6123110 by Smith et al., Provides a method for rehabilitating a single wall pipe in a double wall pipe by introducing a new smaller diameter pipe with plug spacers into the existing pipe. The spacers provide the installation of a leak detection system, examples of which are mentioned but not described. An underground camera adapter is described. Smith's approach disadvantageously uses an old contention pipe that will probably fail when it is pressurized by a leak from the new inner pipe, and does not claim any leakage and report isolation capabilities.
    US Patent 2005/0212285 by Haun describes a method for reducing joint stresses between the inner and outer tubing and does not claim leak detection, insulation or reporting.
    U.S. Patent 3943965 by Matelena is a triple wall pipe that passes a glycol refrigerant between the outer and middle pipe to prevent hot oil or petroleum gas from melting the surrounding permagel. The space between the middle pipe and the transport pipe is a vacuum insulator. The hydrometer and pressure sensors in the vacuum detect leaks of the refrigerant and transport pipes. A photoelectric sensor detects changes in the transparency of the glycol coolant as an additional leak detection method. An oil / glycol separator and pump return the filtered oil to the transport pipe. Matalena's approach is of cumbersome implementation due to the triple wall construction, the large volumes of glycol needed and the leak-prone plumbing necessary to cool and distribute the glycol. There is no defined method to prevent glycol from leaking into the permagel. The oil / glycol separator is unlikely to be able to accommodate oil leaks of large flow rates. And there is no defined method to collect and report sensor data.
    Therefore, there is a need for an improved pipe that addresses the problems mentioned.
    Brief Description
    We have designed a fluid spill containment device and system for pipes that carry energy sources that significantly reduce the probability and magnitude of pipe releases as a result of its total integrity and safety management program through the containment in a pipe. double wall, instrumentation to detect a release and its exact location, as! as a real-time report network to yield specific reparation responses. The device and the system are mainly based on the use of acoustic sensors that in specific combination with the double-walled pipe, which houses an annular bulkhead and a spill door option, which advantageously serves as a detection device and far superior containment which could allow a pipeline operator to activate hydrocarbon transport in a safer environment. While the device and the system can be more expensive to put into operation than a single-walled pipe, its superior self-monitoring / detection, containment and reporting system significantly reduces the loss of valuable products and damage by
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    environmental spills and associated costs, reduce maintenance costs during the lifetime, facilitate construction approval, and improve goodwill in the community. Advantageously, the device and the system is optimizable in the conventional pipe designs currently used in the pipe industry so that adaptations are made to these pipes to allow them to serve as the main transport pipe for the source of transported energy.
    Accordingly, in one aspect an autonomous fluid spill content device is provided by a pipe having a transport conduit for the transport of a fluid and a containment conduit located around the transport conduit to define an interstitial space to receive The fluid spilled from the transport conduit, the device comprises:
    a spilled fluid barrier to stop the flow of spilled fluid, the fluid barrier is located in the interstitial space and extends between the transport conduit and the containment conduit; Y
    an acoustic sensor placed in the interstitial space for the detection of spilled fluid flowing in the containment conduit, or in the transport conduit to detect the reduction in fluid flow.
    In one example, the device also includes a network monitor that interfaces to communicate with the data collection, analysis and reporting systems of an operator. A sensor network is connected to the acoustic sensor to communicate the acoustic sensor and sensor location data to the network monitor in order to alert the operator of the location of the spilled fluid in real time. A sensor station is mounted inside the containment duct, the sensor station that is in communication with the acoustic sensor, the sensor station that includes a network of the sensor station that interconnects the controller to the mains network. sensor.
    In one example, the acoustic sensor is located in a lower portion of the containment duct.
    In another example, the acoustic sensor is mounted on the spilled fluid barrier.
    In another example, the acoustic sensor is mounted in the transport duct.
    In another example, a sensor station is mounted outside the containment duct, the sensor station is in communication with the acoustic sensor. The sensor station includes: a) a housing; b) a purge member located in the housing and is in fluid communication with the interstitial space and the acoustic sensor; and c) a sensor station network that includes a controller located in the housing, the controller that is in communication with a purge member pressure sensor, a local status indicator to further facilitate the precise location of a spill, filtration , and the acoustic sensor.
    In one example, the sensor station also includes a plurality of sensors that interconnect the controller and the sensor network. The sensors include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a fluid sensor, a position sensor and a hydrocarbon sensor, one or more of the sensors can be implemented and activated. The sensor station also includes a network power path, a data transmission path in communication with one or more sensors, and a repeater.
    In one example, the network monitor is interconnected with the sensor station network and includes a network modem, a network interface and a display / control, the network that is functional in a way
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    Autonomous using solar energy, batteries and charger or alternative energy. The network monitor is in communication with terrestrial and wireless operator networks, and they are able to communicate with an automatic emergency disconnection.
    In one example, the device includes a spill return door assembly located upstream of the spilled fluid barrier, the spill return door assembly, when implemented, includes a spill return door resiliently connected to the transport conduit and it is urged against an inner portion of the transport conduit adjacent to a spill opening. The spill door assembly includes a mounting column and a door spring connected to the spill return door, the door spring that is located outside the housing of the contention conduit, or the door spring is located in the containment duct The spill door assembly includes a spill door position sensor.
    In another example, the sensor station also includes a network power and via data transmission interconnected to one or more sensors where the acoustic sensor is implemented and is in communication with an external sensor station that provides alternative or autonomous energy.
    In yet another example, the network monitor is interconnected with the sensor station network and includes a network modem, a network interface and a display / control. The network monitor is in communication with terrestrial and wireless operator networks, terrestrial and wireless operator networks are capable of communicating with an automatic emergency disconnection.
    In one example, the device is for a pipe that is on the ground, water or ice or underground or on ice or in water.
    In another example, the fluid includes gas, chemical products (synthetic, organic, inorganic; and natural fluids including food liquids), liquefied natural gas, liquefied gas including propane and butane, crude oil, water, oil, light oil or oil. butiminous sands.
    In one example, the device includes a light emitting diode (LED) local status indicator.
    Brief description of the drawings
    In order that the discovery can be easily understood, modalities are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
    Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pipe section showing a spill containment device and an external sensor station in a non-spill configuration;
    Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pipe section showing the spill containment device and the external sensor station in a spill configuration;
    Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pipe section showing the spill containment device and an internal spring door in a non-spill configuration;
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    Figure 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pipe section showing the spill containment device and the internal spring door in a spill configuration;
    Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pipe section showing an internal sensor station;
    Figure 5A is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 5A-5A 'of Figure 5;
    Figure 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pipe section showing a transport pipe weld;
    Figure 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pipe section showing a containment pipe weld;
    Figure 8 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an external spring sensor station;
    Figure 9 is a detailed cross-sectional view of an internal spring sensor station;
    Figure 10 is a diagram of a network of sensor stations;
    Figure 11 is a diagrammatic representation of a supervision station network;
    Figure 12 is a diagrammatic representation of a response and report system of the sensor network.
    Figure 13 is a process flow for the detection of a sudden loss of fluid using a correlation between an acoustic sensor and other sensors; Y
    Figure 14 is a process flow for the detection of a slower fluid loss using a correlation between an acoustic sensor and other sensors.
    Other device data and its advantages will be apparent from the detailed description that follows.
    Detailed description
    As used herein, the term "fluid" is intended to mean gas, natural gas; liquid, including chemical products, (synthetic, organic and inorganic including natural food liquids), crude oil, oil, butymine sand oil, and water, liquefied gas, such as propane, butane, liquefied natural gas and the like.
    Referring to Figures 1 and 2, it is generally illustrated in (10) a fluid spill containment device. In general terms, the device (10) comprises a double-walled pipe that includes an internal transport conduit (pipe) (12) and an external containment pipe (pipe) (14) that covers the transport pipe (12), and that defines an interstitial space (16) around the transport pipe (12). The transport pipe (12) transports the fluid along it. The interstitial space (16) receives the fluid that is spilled from the transport pipe (12) in case the transport pipe (12) breaks or is structurally compromised. A plurality of spacers (18) are arranged substantially along the entire length of the pipe and maintain the separation between the pipes (12, 14). A spilled fluid barrier (20) is located between the transport pipe (12) and the containment pipe (14) and stops the flow of fluid that is spilled in the interstitial space (16) of a greater downward flow. The fluid barrier
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    Spilled (20) is an annular bulkhead (22) that is welded to the transport pipe (12) and sealed to the contention pipe (14) to define separate release contention sections (24) along the pipe . A spilled fluid sensor (26) is located in the interstitial space 16 to detect spilled fluid in the containment pipe (14). Typically, the spilled fluid sensor (26) is located in a lower portion (28) of the containment pipe (14). In the example shown, the spilled fluid sensor (26) is mounted on the spilled fluid barrier (20).
    Referring now to Figure 10, a sensor network (11) is connected to the sensors (40) to communicate the spilled fluid data from the sensors (40) to the network monitor (13) in order to alert the operator of the location of the spilled fluid in real time.
    Referring again to Figures 1 and 2, and now 8, a sensor station (30) is mounted on the outside of the containment pipe (14). The sensor station (30) is in communication with the spilled fluid sensor (26). The sensor station (30) includes a housing (34, 32) and a network of sensor stations (34). The network of sensor stations (34) includes a purge member (36) located in the housing (32) and in fluid communication with the interstitial space (16). A temperature sensor (44) and sensor station controller (38) are located in the housing (32) and are connected to the purge member pressure sensor (36) and the spilled fluid sensor (26). In the example shown in Figure 8, the sensor station (30) includes a plurality of sensors (40) that interconnect with the controller (38) and the sensor network (11). The sensors (40) include an acoustic sensor (74) being always present as well! such as a pressure sensor (42), a temperature sensor (44), a fluid sensor (46), a position sensor (48) and a hydrocarbon sensor (50), one or more of which can be implemented and activated. A penetration connector (52) is connected to the controller (38) and disposed in the containment pipe (14) and connected to the sensor (26) by cables (54). A network power and data transmission path (56) interconnects the sensor stations.
    The acoustic signal passes through a spectrum analysis algorithm that determines the amplitude of the signal at successive frequencies, such as turning a radio dial that selects radio stations. A Fast Fourier Transform is a common algorithm used. When the pipe is working, a reference amplitude is determined against the frequency profile averaging over a period of time. Through experience, the operator knows that profile changes are caused by normal changes such as temperature, type of material, planned flow rate, etc. They also know when to ignore sudden changes in the signal caused by ingots. When a leak occurs, it is often a high-speed jet of the material that is being ejected out of the hole. This disrupts the normal flow of the pipe, causing a characteristic change in the amplitude profile of the signal. The magnitude of the change increases with the leakage flow rate, causing the acoustic detection to be inadequate if the leakage flow rate is too low.
    The leak signal can be detected by several spaced sensors. The location of the leak is determined by choosing the location of the sensor with the strongest leak signal.
    Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, a spill return door assembly (60) is located upstream of the spilled fluid barrier (20). The spill return door assembly (60) includes a spill return door (62) resiliently connected to the transport pipe (12) and is installed against an inner portion (64) of the transport pipe (12) adjacent to a spill opening (66). The spill door assembly (60) includes a mounting column (68) and a door spring (70) connected to the spill return door (62). In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the door spring (70) is located in the housing (32) outside the containment pipe.
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    (14). The spill return door (62) is connected by hinges to a pivoting arm (63) at the rising end and connected to the door spring (70) outside the contention pipe. The spill door (62) is contoured to the shape of the transport pipe (12) to limit the obstruction to the normal flow of the material and the passage of devices such as ingots. The spill door (62) is sealed (insta) against a clamping flange to prevent the flow of material from the transport pipe to the containment pipe. The sensor (26) is located inside the inner containment pipe and has a cable connection to the sensor station. In case of a release of ascending material from the transport pipe, the fluid will flow into the containment pipe (14), and then back to the transport pipe (12) through the spill door (62), and It will be detected by liquid, acoustic and sensor station sensors.
    Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, the sensor station (30) is mounted outside the containment pipe (14) and is in communication with the spilled liquid sensor (s). The door spring (70) is located within the containment pipe (14) to eliminate a penetration in the sensor station (30) and provide a smaller sensor station (30). A rotating sensor (a door position sensor) (72) located on the door hinge provides a door position signal to the sensor station (30).
    Referring to Figures 5 and 5A, an alternate internal sensor station mode is adequately illustrated for use underwater (submersible pipe) or located under a non-removable overload such as road, rail or airport. This mode uses the door spring (70) and the sensor station (30) inside the containment pipe (14). The sensor station (30) is mounted in the annular bulkhead together with all the sensors except the door position sensor. The door position sensor (72) communicates with the sensor station controller (38) using the door sensor connector (34). The network power and data transmission path (11) operates within the containment pipe, passing through the connectors in the annular bulkheads and exits the containment pipe (14) in a network monitor station.
    Referring to Figures 6 and 7, a field assembly of the device (10) is illustrated. The internal door spring (70) and the external sensor station (30) are illustrated by way of example. One skilled in the art will recognize that a similar assembly can be used for the example of the external door spring and the internal sensor station. The device (10) is mounted by first sliding the containment pipe (14) back, leaving a space to allow the adjacent transport pipes (12) to be welded together in (80). Then the connections of the internal sensor station are made. The containment pipe (14) then slides forward in its position and the adjacent containment pipes (14) are welded together in (84). The annular ring seal (82) allows the containment pipe (14) to slide without compromising the separation of the containment sections. The external sensor station (30) and the related sensor network segment can then be installed at that time or later.
    Even with reference to Figures 6 and 7, the device (10) is easily mounted to join a conventional single wall pipe. This can be done in circumstances where the pipeline operator needs the device (10) to join an existing line that now crosses or to cross some ecologically sensitive areas. The size of the transport pipe (12) must be equal to the single wall pipe. The transport pipe (12) is welded to the single wall pipe and an annular transition bushing is welded to the end of the containment pipe (14) to ensure the inviolability of the containment pipe (14) and a completely hermetic container .
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    Referring now to Figures 3, 8 and 9, the sensor station for the external door spring includes a door position sensor (48) in communication with the sensor station controller (38). In Figure 9, the internal door position sensor cables (72) are included with the cables (54) of the liquid sensor (26) and the acoustic sensor (74) in the penetration connector (52). A purge member (36) allows the evacuation of moisture from the contention pipe for corrosion control and pressurize the contention pipe for integrity checking. The pressure sensor (42), hydrocarbon sensor (50) and temperature sensor (44) provide additional means for the detection of release. A sensor station controller (38) with a temperature sensor enters the sensor values and transmits the sensor and location data and status messages through the network power and via data transmission (11). The controller also communicates with a locally visible station status indication via a separate connection (86) in the sensor station.
    The autonomous fluid spill containment device (10) is normally used as part of an autonomous sensor and report network that monitors the spill of pipes, as described above. The network interface is in communication with the device and is configured to transmit data from the device (10) to an analysis and response center.
    Referring to Figure 10, one or more sensor stations (30) will communicate the sensor data, location, status and other messages with a network monitor station (13) over a network power and via data transmission ( eleven). When the distances exceed the length capacity of the data transmission path, a sensor station configured as a repeater (31) bridges between the data transmission rods (11), which allows a path length of network transmission is approximately 16.09 km. (10 miles)
    Referring to Figure 11, a network monitor station (13) forms the core of the network power and data transmission vlas (11). Typically two data transmission paths, one ascending and one descending, are connected to a network monitor station (13). Additional connections allow a network monitor station (13) to connect to fused pipes at or near the location of the network monitor station (13). The network monitor station (13) includes a display and control (90) for verification and other services, and a modem (92) or other means suitable for communication with a remote satellite telephone (94) and / or the terrestrial network wireless user. A solar panel, battery and charger (98) provide autonomous remote location power. The user can choose to provide backup or alternative energy (100) when available.
    Even with reference to Figure 11, a network interface option (96) communicates with a terrestrial user network such as a SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) or another system. In critical applications, the user may choose to use the real-time reporting capability of the network to automatically disconnect a pipe segment until a release problem is resolved.
    Referring to Figure 12, sensor networks can use existing satellites and Internet networks and terrestrial user networks to communicate messages from sensor networks with the user's real-time analysis and response center. When a problem is identified in the analysis, the user response team is then sent to investigate and solve any problem.
    Referring to Figure 13, the processing logic for detecting a sudden spillage of manipulation, breakage or accidental penetration is illustrated. When a leak occurs, it is often a high velocity jet of the fluid material that is being ejected out of the hole. This disrupts the normal flow of the pipe, causing a characteristic change.
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    in the amplitude profile of the acoustic signal. In the fluid spill contention device (10) the acoustic signal passes through a spectrum analysis algorithm that determines the amplitude of the signal at successive frequencies, such as turning a radio dial that selects radio stations. As an example, a Fast Fourier Transform is a common algorithm used. Each sample of time spectrum = t is subtracted from a sample of a short time (delta t) later. Usually, the spectrum difference is small. If the difference exceeds a threshold, the difference data is sent along with other sensor readings to the Response and Analysis Center (200) where the data is compared with the operating conditions of the pipe to rule out normal causes such as the passage of an ingot in the pipe.
    Referring to Figure 14, the processing logic for detecting a smaller spill and that can change slowly over time is illustrated. The spectrum analysis as described for Figure 13 is performed on the spill containment device (10) but in this case, the differences between the successive samples will generally be small, whereby the spectrum is filtered over a number of samples n to improve the signal to noise ratio. Even so, if the spill speed is very low such as a pin-size leak, the spill may not be detected by acoustic means. Therefore other sensor readings included with the filtered spectrum data and sent to the Response and Analysis Center (200) for comparison with normal reference data for the current operating condition to determine if there is a spill.
    For sudden and small spills, the spill signal can be detected by several spaced acoustic sensors. The location of the spill is determined by choosing the location of the sensor with the strongest signal. If the signal is strong enough, the location of the spill can be determined more precisely by adjusting the signal intensity curve between adjacent sensors and determining the location of the peak signal.
    Operation
    The autonomous fluid spill containment device (10) is normally used as part of an autonomous sensor and reporting network that monitors the spill of pipes and communicates with an analysis and response center, as shown in Figure 12 The center is located to receive data on a network of the device (10) in such a way that the real-time data received at the center is indicative of a fluid spill that then activates a response at the center. A satellite network can also be used to communicate with the data transmission device from the device to the center.
    The network monitor stations provide the device (10) with centralized control and interface to external systems. The network monitor station sends messages to the sensor stations in turn, requesting sensor and location data, sensor security status and network status. The network monitor station groups the response messages and analyzes the information, looking for indications of critical failure, including sensor stations without reporting. If any indication of a critical failure is found, a message is immediately sent to the response and analysis center of the pipeline operator. Otherwise, the accumulated messages are sent to the analysis and response center at a predetermined time by the pipeline operator. The messages can be sent via satellite or through a terrestrial network as determined by the pipeline operator.
    The sensor stations operate in a dual power mode to reduce energy consumption, allowing adequate energy to be delivered to more networks of sensor stations. Most of the time, only the sensor station controller and the network interface are powered and the sensor station controller listens to your messages. When a message with the identification of the sensor station controller is received, the
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    controller turns on the power of the sensor, collects the sensor data, turns off the sensor, performs validity checks of the sensor data, and assembles and transmits the response message to the network monitor station.
    Spill detection and contention is achieved using a double coaxial pipe configuration in which a containment pipe surrounds a transport pipe. Any fluid release is contained in the containment pipe. In the event that there is a release of the transport pipe, the transported material flows to the external containment pipe. This flow of fluid in the containment pipe moves along it until it reaches the end of the component of the pipe where it reaches the spill door which would facilitate the transport of the material back to the transport pipe. This brings spilled material in close proximity to the sensors, providing a faster determination that a release is occurring. This diversion and redirection of the material back to the transport pipeline at a location below the line also promotes the safe and continuous transport of the material until the crew can make the necessary repairs. The pipe system has at the location of each flow spill redirection door, a sensor station that together with the temperature, pressure, acoustic and liquid sensors, has the unique ability to detect and notify the owner / operator autonomously in Real time as to the nature and location of any big or small problem. A visible station status indicator (for example, an LED) located at or above the sensor station will serve to further assist the crew in the repair at the location of the problem. In case the spill door option has not been implemented, or in the remote possibility of spill door malfunction, the system will continue using the remaining sensors to detect and report on the malfunction and the presence of material in the pipe of real-time contention.
    The device (10) implements the use of a sensor station network system to autonomously report its findings and activate the response. This system is powered by solar energy and together with a battery and charger it can be augmented with external power resources if available. The system can report via satellite link, allowing real-time coverage in remote areas and can be connected directly to a monitoring and response system of the user, to include the automated disconnection of the affected pipe to mitigate possible damage. This system of self-supervision, containment and notification is totally autonomous, easy to repair, and provides the owner / operator with a safe method for transporting hazardous energy materials.
    Release Report and Location
    To achieve these results, the system implements a sensor network that uses three types of messages to achieve functionality. Additional message types may also be used for network administration, but they are typical and will not be described here.
    1. Sensor Security Status. The sensor outputs are checked for shorted or broken connections and electronic faults of the internal sensor. The sensor interface electronics perform internal message and transmission path reviews. The safety status report messages of the sensor including the location of the sensor station are sent to the operator station.
    2. Sensor data. The sensor outputs are displayed periodically. Sensor data messages including the location of the sensor station and release detections are sent to the operator station.
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    3. Network Status. Network stations and network monitors report any failure to communicate with a downlink station to the operator station. Each station has a unique identifier and a known location.
    The operator station processes the incoming messages by examining the indications of release by applying, for example, trend and variance algorithms to the appropriate sensor data for the transported material. The results are archived for future reference. The station shows the results to the operator and activates visual and auditory alarms and the related location for the cases of release detected.
    Features of Transported Fluid Release
    To effectively detect releases of transported material, the system is designed to monitor the characteristics of the three types of releases - rupture, leaks and leaks. It should be noted that for a single wall pipe, the release is an involuntary loss of material transported around the pipe. For a dual wall system, the release includes loss of the internal transport pipe to the external content pipe and the ingestion of the surroundings in the containment pipe. The distinguishing characteristics of the three types of releases are:
    Rupture - A release or ingestion of high mass velocity caused by catastrophic failure of the pipe. It typically occurs suddenly and can be caused by external forces such as bulldozer, earthmoving, sabotage, or other similar events or the rapid progression of a structural failure of the pipe.
    Leakage - A release of low speed (but still can be substantial) through a hole in the pipe smaller than the diameter of the pipe and that does not progress significantly in size for a short time. A leak may occur suddenly or by backhoe puncture, plundering or other similar events or progress slowly through use and environmental events such as corrosion, thermal stresses, or abrasion by the transported material.
    Filtration - A very low release rate through a small hole or crack, usually caused by events such as corrosion, welding defects or joint failure. The filtration can be intermittent, for example, if a material of higher viscosity clogs the opening after a previous release of material of lower viscosity, or a displacement of soil or temperature change that closes a crack.
    Device Release Detection
    The detection of release is based on the use of sensors at intervals the supervision of the characteristics of the containment pipe such as pressure spills, temperature, position, acoustics of the spill gate, hydrocarbon vapors and liquid level. Sensor readings are transmitted in real time to a user's report station for analysis and action.
    Rupture Detection
    A rupture that causes a release of the transport pipe is detected by a sharp change in sound and / or temperature and / or pressure and / or door position and / or possibly level of liquid or hydrocarbons, depending on the material transported. Depending on the nature of the break, the sensor network can be damaged (although rarely) and stop reporting from that location, which itself will serve as a break locator.
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    The detection of a rupture that causes ingestion depends on the magnitude of the failure. For ingestion in a pressure-free pipeline, the detection will probably be an increase in the level of water ingestion fluid, but this may take some time, or may not occur at all. If there is water ingestion, repair is necessary to prevent corrosion of the transport pipe. If not, repair is not a critical time issue. In a pressurized containment pipe, there may be a slow pressure change if the pipe is buried, if not, it will be a rapid change. If the cause is accidental trauma induced by humans such as excavation machinery, the operator can detect and report the case. If not, such as an act of terrorism or sabotage, the ingestion caused by this type of trauma will be detected by the sensors and reported.
    Leak Detection
    Leak detection for both release and ingestion is equal to break detection, except that sensor readings will change more slowly, and the sensor network is unlikely to be damaged. It is likely to detect expoliation by means of the acoustic sensor that selects vibrations from the wall penetration tools and by the disturbed flow caused by the loss of liquids. Without an acoustic sensor, the plundering may or may not be detected, depending on the ability of the stripper to penetrate the double walls without causing a noticeable change in other sensor readings.
    Filtration Detection
    Filtration is inherently difficult to detect because sensor readings can be masked by signal noise and normal changes in the transported material and the pipe environment. In the device 10, the filtration is detected by the liquid sensor and by the hydrocarbon sensor. In the critical case of liberation of transported material, it is unlikely that a concurrent filtration will occur through the environmental containment pipe. Ingestion is less critical, since the only significant effect is to accelerate the corrosion of the transport pipe. In both, release and ingestion, detection allows adequate time for repair.
    Acoustic sensor evaluation
    An inherent problem with the construction of current pipes is that any release ends in the environment. While the speed of some releases may be small, the substantial time may elapse before the release is detected and stopped, which may result in substantial release volumes. The present invention is a breakthrough through the use of direct measurement sensors, reporting and containing large and small releases in real time. This gives the pipeline operator time to build confidence in his release decision and to complete the repair.
    Although the above description refers to a specific modality as currently contemplated by the inventor, it will be understood that the device in its wide aspect includes mechanical and functional equivalents of the elements described herein.
    权利要求:
    Claims (22)
    [1]
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    1. An autonomous fluid spill contention device for a pipe having a transport conduit for the transport of a fluid and a contention conduit located around the transport conduit to define an interstitial space to receive the spilled fluid from the conduit of transport, the device comprises:
    a spilled fluid barrier that has one or more contention sections to stop the flow of spilled fluid, the fluid barrier that is located in the interstitial space and that extends between the transport conduit and the contention conduit, the barrier of spilled fluid that is sealedly connected to the transport conduit and the contention conduit to contain the spilled fluid in the interstitial space;
    an acoustic sensor located in the interstitial space to detect spilled fluid flowing in the contention conduit, or in the transport conduit to detect the reduction in fluid flow.
    [2]
    2. The device in accordance with revindication 1 also includes a network monitor that interfaces to communicate with the data collection, analysis and reporting systems of an operator, the network monitor that are interconnected to a sensor station, which is mounted inside the contention duct.
    [3]
    3. The device in accordance with revindication 2, where a sensor network is connected to the acoustic sensor to communicate the acoustic sensor and the location data of the acoustic sensor to the network monitor in order to alert the operator of the location of the spilled fluid in real time.
    [4]
    4. The device in accordance with revindication 3, wherein the sensor station is in communication with the acoustic sensor, the sensor station that includes a network of the sensor station that interconnects the controller to the sensor network.
    [5]
    5. The device in accordance with revindication 1, wherein the acoustic sensor is located in a lower portion of the contention conduit.
    [6]
    6. The device in accordance with revindication 1, wherein the acoustic sensor is mounted on the spilled fluid barrier.
    [7]
    7. The device in accordance with revindication 1, where the acoustic sensor is mounted in the transport duct.
    [8]
    8. The device according to revindication 1, where a sensor station is mounted outside the contention duct, the sensor station is in communication with the acoustic sensor.
    [9]
    9. The device in accordance with revindication 8, where the sensor station includes:
    a) an accommodation;
    b) a purge member located in the housing and in fluid communication with the interstitial space and the acoustic sensor; Y
    c) a sensor station network that includes a controller located in the housing, the controller is in communication with a purge member pressure sensor, an indicator
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    local state to further facilitate the exact location of a spill / leak, and the acoustic sensor.
    [10]
    10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the sensor station further includes a plurality of sensors that interconnect the controller and the sensor network.
    [11]
    11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the sensors include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a fluid sensor, a position sensor and a hydrocarbon sensor, one or more of the sensors can be implemented. and activatable.
    [12]
    12. The device according to claim 10, wherein the sensor station also includes a network power transmission path and data transmission path in communication with one or more sensors, and a repeater.
    [13]
    13. The device according to claim 4, wherein the network monitor is interconnected with the sensor station network and includes a network modem, a network interface and a display / control, the network that is functionally Autonomous using solar energy, batteries and charger or alternative energy.
    [14]
    14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the network monitor is in communication with a terrestrial and wireless operator networks, and is capable of communicating with an automatic emergency disconnection.
    [15]
    15. The device according to claim 1 includes a spill return door assembly located ascending the spilled fluid barrier, the spill return door assembly includes a spill return door connected in a manner resistant to the transport conduit and it is urged against an inner portion of the transport conduit adjacent to a spill opening.
    [16]
    16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the spill door assembly includes a mounting column and a door spring connected to the spill return door, the door spring that is located outside the housing of the Contention conduit, or the door spring is located in the contention conduit.
    [17]
    17. The device according to claim 15, wherein the spill door assembly includes a spill door position sensor.
    [18]
    18. The device according to claim 4, wherein the sensor station further includes a network power and data transmission interconnected to one of the following sensors: a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a sensor fluid, a position sensor, and a hydrocarbon sensor, where one or more of these sensors can be implemented and activated as well! as the acoustic sensor that is implemented and in communication with an external sensor station that provide alternative or autonomous power.
    [19]
    19. The device according to claim 4, wherein the network monitor is interconnected with the sensor station network and includes a network modem, a network interface and a display / control.
    [20]
    20. The device according to claim 2, wherein the network monitor is in communication with a terrestrial and wireless operator networks, the terrestrial and wireless networks that are capable of communicating with an automatic emergency disconnection.
    [21]
    21. The device according to claim 1 is for a pipe that is on the ground, water or ice or underground or on ice or in water.
    5 22. The device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid includes gas,
    chemical products, chemical products that are synthetic, organic and inorganic chemical products, and fluids that are natural fluids including food liquids; liquefied natural gas, liquefied gas including propane and butane, crude oil, water, oil, light oil or butymine sands oil.
    10
    [23]
    23. The device according to claim 2, wherein a local status indicator light emitting diode (LED) is located above or above the sensor station.
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